Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess exceptional mechanical durability and electrical conductivity, making them ideal for a wide array of cutting-edge applications. These tiny cylindrical structures exhibit remarkable tensile capabilities, exceeding that of steel by orders of magnitude. Moreover, CNTs demonstrate excellent thermal conductivity, enabling

Targeted drug delivery utilizing nanocontainers has emerged as local chemical supply companies a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby delivering the

Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. However, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a pressing concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a unique type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have gained considerable attention d